{"id":9943,"date":"2026-01-03T20:23:44","date_gmt":"2026-01-03T20:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/?post_type=insight&p=9943"},"modified":"2026-05-20T20:10:55","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T20:10:55","slug":"kismi-talepler-zamanasimi-suresi","status":"publish","type":"insight","link":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/insights\/kismi-talepler-zamanasimi-suresi\/","title":{"rendered":"K\u0131smi Davalarda Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 S\u00fcrelerine \u0130li\u015fkin Anayasa Mahkemesi Karar\u0131: Islahla Art\u0131r\u0131lan Talebin Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 Nedeniyle Reddi ve Mahkemeye Eri\u015fim Hakk\u0131 \u0130hlali"},"content":{"rendered":"

I. Giri\u015f<\/strong><\/h2>\n

K\u0131smi dava, alaca\u011f\u0131n veya zarar\u0131n dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f tarihinde tam ve kesin olarak belirlenemedi\u011fi uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda uygulamada s\u0131k\u00e7a ba\u015fvurulan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Bununla birlikte k\u0131smi davada zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dava konusu edilen k\u0131s\u0131m ile hen\u00fcz talep edilmeyen k\u0131s\u0131m aras\u0131nda ayr\u0131m do\u011fmakta; talep edilmeyen k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresinin i\u015flemeye devam etmesi, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n uzad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dosyalarda \u0131slah yoluyla art\u0131r\u0131lan taleplerin zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 def\u2019iyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 riskini g\u00fcndeme getirmektedir.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin<\/a> 17.07.2025 tarihli ve 2021\/65631 ba\u015fvuru numaral\u0131 karar\u0131, k\u0131smi davada \u0131slahla art\u0131r\u0131lan talebin zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle reddedilmesinin mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan do\u011furabilece\u011fi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Kararda, alaca\u011f\u0131n veya zarar\u0131n tutar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinde bilirki\u015fi incelemesiyle belirginle\u015fti\u011fi ve gecikmenin davac\u0131ya isnat edilemedi\u011fi hallerde, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131n uygulanma bi\u00e7iminin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ayr\u0131ca ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

II. Olay\u0131n \u00d6zeti ve Yarg\u0131lama S\u00fcreci<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesinin ilgili karar\u0131na konu olay, Ba\u015fvurucu ile T\u00fcrk Hava Kurumu G\u00f6k\u00e7en Havac\u0131l\u0131k \u0130ktisadi \u0130\u015fletmesi aras\u0131nda akdedilen, e\u011fitim s\u00fcresi 12\u201318 ay, e\u011fitim bedeli ise KDV d\u00e2hil 66,500 USD olan Pilot Aday\u0131 U\u00e7u\u015f E\u011fitimi S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden kaynaklanan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin e\u011fitimi verecek olan kurum taraf\u0131ndan gere\u011fi gibi ifa edilmemesine ili\u015fkindir. Ba\u015fvurucu, e\u011fitimin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcre i\u00e7erisinde tamamlanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve hizmetin ay\u0131pl\u0131 ifa edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcrerek 13.02.2015 tarihinde Ankara 6. T\u00fcketici Mahkemesinde fazlaya ili\u015fkin haklar\u0131n\u0131 sakl\u0131 tutmak suretiyle 1,000 TL maddi ve 20,000 TL manevi tazminat talebiyle dava a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131lama, esas incelemeye ge\u00e7ilmeden \u00f6nce g\u00f6rev uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle uzun s\u00fcre gecikmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi g\u00f6revsizlik karar\u0131 vermi\u015f; dosya asliye hukuk mahkemesine g\u00f6nderilmi\u015f; asliye hukuk mahkemesince merci tayini yoluna gidilmesi \u00fczerine Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 25.10.2017. Hukuk Dairesi 13 tarihli kesin karar\u0131yla g\u00f6revli mahkemenin T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi oldu\u011funu belirlemi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 y\u0131l 8 ay s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve bilirki\u015fi incelemesi dahil olmak \u00fczere uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n esas\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi gecikmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rev sorununun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesini takiben al\u0131nan 16.07.2018 tarihli bilirki\u015fi raporunda, hizmetin s\u00f6zle\u015fmede taahh\u00fct edilen s\u00fcreyi a\u015facak \u015fekilde gecikmeyle ifa edilmesinin ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015f; ay\u0131p oran\u0131nda bedelden indirim tutar\u0131 62,452.44 TL olarak hesaplanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu bu raporlar sonras\u0131nda 19.09.2018 tarihinde \u0131slah yoluyla talebini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; daval\u0131 taraf ise \u0131slah edilen k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 def\u2019inde bulunmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

III. \u0130lk Derece Mahkemesi ve \u0130stinaf A\u015famas\u0131 <\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ankara 03.04.2019. T\u00fcketici Mahkemesi 6 tarihli karar\u0131yla, ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmet bulundu\u011fu kanaatine dayanarak bedelden indirim talebini kabul etmi\u015f ve bilirki\u015fi raporunda hesaplanan 62,452.44 TL\u2019nin ba\u015fvurucuya \u00f6denmesine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir. Mahkeme, u\u00e7u\u015f e\u011fitimi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin mevzuatta \u00f6zel bir zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi de\u011ferlendirmesiyle 146 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nun 6098. maddesindeki on y\u0131ll\u0131k genel zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcresini esas alm\u0131\u015f; bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede \u0131slah ile art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden de talebi zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle s\u0131n\u0131rlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kazan\u00e7 kayb\u0131na dayal\u0131 maddi tazminat ile manevi tazminat talepleri reddedilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u0130stinaf incelemesinde Ankara B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 3. Hukuk Dairesi, uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hukuki niteli\u011fini ve zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 rejimini farkl\u0131 bir temelde ele alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle davan\u0131n belirsiz alacak davas\u0131 de\u011fil k\u0131smi dava oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise 4 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun\u2019un 4077\/A maddesine dayan\u0131larak, ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmetten do\u011fan se\u00e7imlik haklar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden iki y\u0131ll\u0131k, ay\u0131pl\u0131 hizmetin neden oldu\u011fu zarar talepleri y\u00f6n\u00fcnden \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Daval\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u0131slah edilen k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 def\u2019i kabul edilerek, \u0131slahla art\u0131r\u0131lan bedelden indirim ve maddi tazminat taleplerinin zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lm\u0131\u015f; bu nedenle h\u00fck\u00fcm, ba\u015fvurucunun ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta talep etti\u011fi tutarlarla s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Manevi tazminat talebi y\u00f6n\u00fcnden ise ayr\u0131ca ret gerek\u00e7esi korunmu\u015ftur. \u0130stinaf karar\u0131 temyiz incelemesinden ge\u00e7erek kesinle\u015fmi\u015ftir. Ba\u015fvurucu taraf, dosyay\u0131 Anayasa Mahkemesine ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n

IV. Anayasa Mahkemesi\u2019nin De\u011ferlendirmesi: Mahkemeye Eri\u015fim Hakk\u0131 ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcl\u00fck<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi, ba\u015fvuruyu Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 36. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden incelemi\u015ftir. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin ve \u0131slah\u0131n s\u00fcre \u015fart\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n, hukuki g\u00fcvenlik ve istikrar amac\u0131yla kural olarak me\u015fru oldu\u011fu kabul edilmi\u015ftir. \u0130nceleme, somut olayda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131n uygulanma bi\u00e7iminin ba\u015fvurucu \u00fczerinde \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcz bir sonu\u00e7 do\u011furup do\u011furmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 noktas\u0131nda yo\u011funla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Somut olayda ba\u015fvurucunun talep art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131, alaca\u011f\u0131n ger\u00e7ek tutar\u0131n\u0131n yarg\u0131laman\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda netle\u015fmemesi nedeniyle \u0131slah yoluyla yap\u0131labilmi\u015ftir. Bedelden indirim tutar\u0131, ilk kez 16.07.2018 tarihli bilirki\u015fi raporuyla somut \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ba\u015fvurucu bu rapordan sonra 19.09.2018 tarihinde \u0131slah yoluyla talebini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f; daval\u0131 da art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131s\u0131m y\u00f6n\u00fcnden zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 def\u2019inde bulunmu\u015ftur. B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi ise 4 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun m. 4077\/A\u2019daki iki ve \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131ll\u0131k zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrelerine dayanarak, \u0131slahla art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131n zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle reddine karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi bak\u0131m\u0131ndan belirleyici olan husus, ba\u015fvurucunun bu tutarlar\u0131 daha erken ileri s\u00fcrememesinde kusurunun bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Dosyada, alaca\u011f\u0131n tutar\u0131n\u0131n bilirki\u015fi incelemesi olmadan belirlenebildi\u011fine veya ba\u015fvurucunun talep art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 geciktirdi\u011fine ili\u015fkin bir tespit bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n esas\u0131na ge\u00e7ilmesinin gecikmesinde g\u00f6revli yarg\u0131 yerinin belirlenmesi s\u00fcrecinin etkili oldu\u011fu, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 y\u0131l 8 ay boyunca esastan incelenemedi\u011fi tespit edilmi\u015ftir. Bu gecikmenin sonucu olarak bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131n\u0131n da ge\u00e7 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle ba\u015fvurucunun talebini ge\u00e7 art\u0131rmas\u0131, \u2018tercih\u2019 veya \u2018ihmal\u2019 olarak de\u011fil; alaca\u011f\u0131n miktar\u0131n\u0131n ancak yarg\u0131lama i\u00e7inde belirlenebilmesi ve yarg\u0131laman\u0131n gecikmesi nedeniyle fiilen ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz bir sonu\u00e7 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6zetle, ba\u015fvurucunun \u0131slah\u0131 daha erken yapamamas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni kendi ihmali de\u011fil; alaca\u011f\u0131n tutar\u0131n\u0131n ancak bilirki\u015fiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve bu bilirki\u015fi incelemesinin yarg\u0131sal gecikmeler nedeniyle ge\u00e7 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede Anayasa Mahkemesi, \u0131slahla art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131n zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 nedeniyle reddedilmesinin, ba\u015fvurucuyu bedelden indirim ve kazan\u00e7 kayb\u0131na ili\u015fkin talebinin esasl\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc ileri s\u00fcrebilme imk\u00e2n\u0131ndan fiilen mahrum b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 kurumunun me\u015fru amac\u0131 ile ba\u015fvurucuya y\u00fcklenen k\u00fclfet kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan sonucun ba\u015fvurucu bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet\u201d te\u015fkil etti\u011fi ve mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131na getirilen s\u0131n\u0131rlaman\u0131n \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

V. Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Netice itibariyle Anayasa Mahkemesi, alaca\u011f\u0131n veya zarar\u0131n tutar\u0131n\u0131n dava tarihinde makul \u015fekilde belirlenemedi\u011fi, tutar\u0131n yarg\u0131lama i\u00e7inde bilirki\u015fi raporlar\u0131yla somutla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bu s\u00fcrecin gecikmesinin davac\u0131ya isnat edilemedi\u011fi hallerde, \u0131slahla art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131n zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle reddedilmesinin davac\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u201ca\u015f\u0131r\u0131 k\u00fclfet\u201d do\u011furabilece\u011fi sonucuna varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle, somut olayda mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine karar verilmi\u015f; ihlalin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n giderilmesi i\u00e7in yeniden yarg\u0131lama yoluna gidilmi\u015f, yeniden yarg\u0131laman\u0131n yeterli giderim sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ayr\u0131ca tazminata h\u00fckmedilmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu karar, \u00f6zellikle k\u0131smi davalarda \u0131slah yoluyla art\u0131r\u0131lan talepler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 s\u00fcrelerinin do\u011furdu\u011fu k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 ve buna ba\u011fl\u0131 riskleri g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr k\u0131lmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Karar, alaca\u011f\u0131n veya zarar\u0131n tutar\u0131n\u0131n dava a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda makul \u015fekilde belirlenemedi\u011fi ve tutar\u0131n ancak yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda (\u00e7o\u011fu kez bilirki\u015fi incelemesiyle) netle\u015fti\u011fi dosyalarda, \u0131slahla art\u0131r\u0131lan k\u0131sm\u0131n zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131ndan reddinin davac\u0131 \u00fczerinde orant\u0131s\u0131z bir y\u00fck do\u011furabilece\u011fine i\u015faret etmektedir. Bu nedenle, benzer uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klarda zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 def\u2019inin uygulanmas\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilirken, yarg\u0131laman\u0131n seyri ve gecikmenin kime y\u00fcklenebilece\u011fi hususlar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00fcrkiye Anayasa Mahkemesi, k\u0131smi tazminat taleplerinde d\u00fczeltilen miktarlar\u0131n zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle reddedilmesinin, gecikmelerin davac\u0131dan kaynaklanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda mahkemeye eri\u015fim hakk\u0131n\u0131 ihlal edebilece\u011fine h\u00fckmetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9066,"template":"","insight_category":[],"insight_topic":[],"class_list":["post-9943","insight","type-insight","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/9943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/insight"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/9943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9944,"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight\/9943\/revisions\/9944"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"insight_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_category?post=9943"},{"taxonomy":"insight_topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/asy9.webcozumleri.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/insight_topic?post=9943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}